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Gebruiker:O/ Lijst van deeltjes uit de deeltjesfysica: verschil tussen versies
(https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_deeltjes_uit_de_deeltjesfysica&oldid=53953822 3 jun 2019 Handige Harrie) |
(https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lijst_van_deeltjes_uit_de_deeltjesfysica&oldid=54994919 3 nov 2019 ARTol) |
||
Regel 4: | Regel 4: | ||
==Fermionen== | ==Fermionen== | ||
[[Quark]]s zijn er in 6 'smaken' en elke smaak kent weer drie ' | [[Quark]]s zijn er in 6 'smaken' en elke smaak kent weer drie 'kleurladingen', wat resulteert in 18 unieke quarks. [[Lepton (subatomair deeltje)|Leptonen]] zijn er in 6 smaken maar hebben geen kleurlading. Bij elkaar opgeteld zijn er dus 6 leptonen en 18 quarks, wat samen 24 [[fermion]]en oplevert. | ||
Fermionen zijn materiedeeltjes. Elk materiedeeltje heeft een corresponderend [[antimaterie]]deeltje. Daarmee verdubbelt het aantal deeltjes van 24 naar '''48'''. | |||
==Bosonen== | ==Bosonen== | ||
Regel 13: | Regel 15: | ||
Tot slot is er één enkel [[higgsboson]]. | Tot slot is er één enkel [[higgsboson]]. | ||
Doordat bosonen geen materiedeeltjes zijn, hebben zij geen antideeltjes. | |||
==Samengevat== | ==Samengevat== | ||
De tabel toont alle 61 bevestigde elementaire deeltjes van het standaardmodel. | De tabel toont alle 61 bevestigde elementaire deeltjes van het standaardmodel. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!colspan=25|48 fermionen | !colspan="25"|48 fermionen | ||
|{{Witte kolom| | |{{Witte kolom|18}} | ||
! colspan=5| Legenda | ! colspan="5"| Legenda | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="12" align="center" |18 [[quark]]s | !colspan="12" align="center" |18 [[quark]]s | ||
|{{Witte kolom|10}} | |{{Witte kolom|10}} | ||
!colspan="12" align="center" s|18 [[quark|antiquarks]] | !colspan="12" align="center" s|18 [[quark|antiquarks]] | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, black, black 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} align=right colspan=2|lading -e | |{{Celgradient|to right, black, black 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} align=right colspan="2"|lading -e | ||
| | |{{Witte kolom|6}} | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, white, white 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|lading +e | |{{Celgradient|to right, white, white 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|lading +e | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, red 21%, red 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode upquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, red 21%, red 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode upquark | ||
Regel 35: | Regel 37: | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}| rode anticharmquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}| rode anticharmquark | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode antitopquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode antitopquark | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%}} align=right colspan=2|lading -2/3e | |{{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%}} align=right colspan="2"|lading -2/3e | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|lading +2/3e | |||
|{{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|lading +2/3e | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, lightgreen 21%, lightgreen 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene upquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, lightgreen 21%, lightgreen 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene upquark | ||
Regel 45: | Regel 46: | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene anticharmquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene anticharmquark | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene antitopquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene antitopquark | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, black, black 7%, #E8E9EA 7%}} align=right colspan=2|lading -1/3e | |{{Celgradient|to right, black, black 7%, #E8E9EA 7%}} align=right colspan="2"|lading -1/3e | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|lading +1/3e | |||
|{{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|lading +1/3e | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, dodgerblue 21%, dodgerblue 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|blauwe upquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 7%, white 7%, white 21%, dodgerblue 21%, dodgerblue 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|blauwe upquark | ||
Regel 55: | Regel 55: | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, yellow 21%, yellow 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|blauwe anticharmquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, yellow 21%, yellow 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|blauwe anticharmquark | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, yellow 21%, yellow 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|blauwe antitopquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 14%, #E8E9EA 14%, #E8E9EA 21%, yellow 21%, yellow 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|blauwe antitopquark | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, red, red 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|kleurlading rood | |{{Celgradient|to right, red, red 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|kleurlading rood | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, cyan, cyan 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|kleurlading antirood | |||
|{{Celgradient|to right, cyan, cyan 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|kleurlading antirood | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 7%, #E8E9EA 7%, #E8E9EA 21%, red 21%, red 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode downquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, black, black 7%, #E8E9EA 7%, #E8E9EA 21%, red 21%, red 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode downquark | ||
Regel 65: | Regel 64: | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode antistrangequark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode antistrangequark | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode antibottomquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, cyan 21%, cyan 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|rode antibottomquark | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, lightgreen, lightgreen 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|kleurlading groen | |{{Celgradient|to right, lightgreen, lightgreen 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|kleurlading groen | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, magenta, magenta 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|kleurlading antigroen | |||
|{{Celgradient|to right, magenta, magenta 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|kleurlading antigroen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
Regel 76: | Regel 74: | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene antistrangequark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene antistrangequark | ||
|colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene antibottomquark | |colspan="4" align="center" {{Celgradient|to right, #E8E9EA, #E8E9EA 14%, white 14%, white 21%, magenta 21%, magenta 42%, #E8E9EA 42%}}|groene antibottomquark | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, dodgerblue, dodgerblue 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|kleurlading blauw | |{{Celgradient|to right, dodgerblue, dodgerblue 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|kleurlading blauw | ||
|{{Celgradient|to right, yellow, yellow 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan="2"|kleurlading antiblauw | |||
|{{Celgradient|to right, yellow, yellow 21%, #E8E9EA 21%}} colspan=2|kleurlading antiblauw | |||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
Regel 101: | Regel 98: | ||
|colspan="4" align="center"|elektronantineutrino||colspan="4" align="center"|muonantineutrino||colspan="4" align="center"|tau-antineutrino | |colspan="4" align="center"|elektronantineutrino||colspan="4" align="center"|muonantineutrino||colspan="4" align="center"|tau-antineutrino | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=24|13 bosonen | !colspan="24"|13 bosonen | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="12" align="center" |8 [[gluon]]en | !colspan="12" align="center" |8 [[gluon]]en | ||
Regel 107: | Regel 104: | ||
!colspan="12" align="center" |4 elektrozwakke [[Boson (deeltje)|bosonen]] | !colspan="12" align="center" |4 elektrozwakke [[Boson (deeltje)|bosonen]] | ||
|-bgcolor=#E8E9EA | |-bgcolor=#E8E9EA | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{b}+b\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{b}+b\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{-i(r\bar{b}-b\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{-i(r\bar{b}-b\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{r}-b\bar{b})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{r}-b\bar{b})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{r}+b\bar{b}-2g\bar{g})}{\sqrt{6}}</math></small> | |rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{r}+b\bar{b}-2g\bar{g})}{\sqrt{6}}</math></small> | ||
|colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|[[foton]] | |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|[[foton]] | ||
|colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|Z<sup>0</sup>-boson | |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|Z<sup>0</sup>-boson | ||
Regel 118: | Regel 115: | ||
!colspan="12" align="center" |1 [[higgsboson]] | !colspan="12" align="center" |1 [[higgsboson]] | ||
|-bgcolor=#E8E9EA | |-bgcolor=#E8E9EA | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{g}+g\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(r\bar{g}+g\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{-i(r\bar{g}-g\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{-i(r\bar{g}-g\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|rowspan=2 colspan=6| | |rowspan="2" colspan=6| | ||
|colspan="12" align="center"|[[higgsboson]] | |colspan="12" align="center"|[[higgsboson]] | ||
|-bgcolor=#E8E9EA | |-bgcolor=#E8E9EA | ||
Regel 127: | Regel 124: | ||
|colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(g\bar{b}+b\bar{g})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{(g\bar{b}+b\bar{g})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{-i(g\bar{b}-b\bar{g})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"|<small><math>\frac{-i(g\bar{b}-b\bar{g})}{\sqrt{2}}</math></small> | ||
|colspan=6| | |colspan="6"| | ||
|colspan=12| | |colspan="12"| | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Alle deeltjes uit de deeltjesfysica== | == Alle deeltjes uit de deeltjesfysica== | ||
=== In tabelvorm === | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 85%;" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 85%;" | ||
! scope="col" style="width: 135px; text-align: left;" |Deeltje | ! scope="col" style="width: 135px; text-align: left;" |Deeltje | ||
![[Massa (natuurkunde)|Massa]] <br>([[elektronvolt|MeV]]) | ![[Massa (natuurkunde)|Massa]] <br>([[elektronvolt|MeV]]) | ||
![[Elektrische lading|Lading]]<br>([[Elementaire lading|e]]) | ![[Elektrische lading|Lading]]<br>([[Elementaire lading|e]]) | ||
!Elementair<br><br>Composiet | !Elementair<br><br>Composiet<br><br>[[Quasideeltje]] | ||
![[Fermion]] (halftallige [[Spin (kwantummechanica)|spin]])<br><br>[[Boson (deeltje)|Boson]] (heeltallige spin) | ![[Fermion]] (halftallige [[Spin (kwantummechanica)|spin]])<br><br>[[Boson (deeltje)|Boson]] (heeltallige spin) | ||
![[Quark]]<br><br>[[Baryon]]<br>[[Meson]]<br><br>[[Lepton (subatomair deeltje)|Lepton]]<br><br>[[Superpartner]] | ![[Quark]]<br><br>[[Baryon]]<br>[[Meson]]<br><br>[[Lepton (subatomair deeltje)|Lepton]]<br><br>[[Superpartner]] | ||
![[Gaugino]]<br><br>[[Hadron]] | ![[Gaugino]]<br><br>[[Hadron]] | ||
!Scalar<br><br>[[Hypothetisch | !Scalar<br><br>[[Hypothetisch]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Quark|Upquark]]<ref name="anti">Inclusief antideeltje</ref>||{{Sorteer|12|2,3}} ||{{Sorteer|6|{{Breuk|2|3}}}}<ref name="kleur">en [[kleurlading]]</ref> ||elementair||fermion||quark || || | |align="left"|[[Quark|Upquark]]<ref name="anti">Inclusief antideeltje</ref>||{{Sorteer|12|2,3}} ||{{Sorteer|6|{{Breuk|2|3}}}}<ref name="kleur">en [[kleurlading]]</ref> ||elementair||fermion||quark || || | ||
Regel 154: | Regel 152: | ||
|align="left"|[[Quark|Bottomquark]]<ref name="anti" />||{{Sorteer|15|4180}} ||{{Sorteer|3|-{{Breuk|1|3}}}}<ref name="kleur" /> ||elementair||fermion|||quark || || | |align="left"|[[Quark|Bottomquark]]<ref name="anti" />||{{Sorteer|15|4180}} ||{{Sorteer|3|-{{Breuk|1|3}}}}<ref name="kleur" /> ||elementair||fermion|||quark || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Elektron]]<ref>antideeltje heet [[Positron]]</ref>||{{Sorteer|115|0,511}} ||{{Sorteer|1|-1}} ||elementair||fermion|||lepton || || | |align="left"|[[Elektron]]<ref name="pos">antideeltje heet [[Positron]]</ref>||{{Sorteer|115|0,511}} ||{{Sorteer|1|-1}} ||elementair||fermion|||lepton || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Muon]]<ref name="anti" />||{{Sorteer|14|105,7}}||{{Sorteer|1|-1}} ||elementair||fermion|||lepton || || | |align="left"|[[Muon]]<ref name="anti" />||{{Sorteer|14|105,7}}||{{Sorteer|1|-1}} ||elementair||fermion|||lepton || || | ||
Regel 284: | Regel 282: | ||
|align="left"|[[Glueball]]|| || ||composiet || ||meson (exotisch)||||hypothetisch | |align="left"|[[Glueball]]|| || ||composiet || ||meson (exotisch)||||hypothetisch | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Davydov soliton]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Davydov soliton]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Dropleton]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Dropleton]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Exciton]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Exciton]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|Hole ("[[Elektronengat]]")|| ||{{Sorteer|7|1}}|| || || || || | |align="left"|Hole ("[[Elektronengat]]")|| ||{{Sorteer|7|1}}||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Magnon]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Magnon]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Plasmaron]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Plasmaron]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Polariton]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Polariton]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Polaron]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Polaron]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Roton (natuurkunde)|Roton]]|| || || || || || || | |align="left"|[[Roton (natuurkunde)|Roton]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="left"|[[Trion (deeltje)|Trion]]|| || || || || || || quasi | |align="left"|[[Trion (deeltje)|Trion]]|| || ||quasi|| || || || | ||
|} | |||
=== Als schema === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 85%; | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color:#DDEBF7" rowspan="8" height="15" width="6%" | [[elementair deeltje|elementair]] | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="6%" | [[fermion]]en | |||
|width="6%" | [[Quark]] | |||
| [[Upquark|Up (quark]]<ref name="anti" /> • Down ([[quark]]<ref name="anti" />) • Charm ([[quark]]<ref name="anti" />) • Strange ([[quark]]<ref name="anti" />) • [[Topquark|Top (quark]]<ref name="anti" />) • Bottom ([[quark]]<ref name="anti" />) | |||
|- | |||
| [[Lepton (subatomair deeltje)|Lepton]]en | |||
| [[Elektron]]<ref name="pos" /> • [[Muon]]<ref name="anti" /> • [[Tau (lepton)|Tau]]<ref name="anti" /> • [[Elektron-neutrino]]<ref name="anti" /> • [[Muon-neutrino]]<ref name="anti" /> • [[Tau-neutrino]]<ref name="anti" /> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Boson (deeltje)|boson]]en | |||
| [[IJkboson|Gauge]] | |||
| [[foton]] • [[Gluon]] • [[W-boson|W]] en [[Z-boson|Z-bosonen]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[Scalar boson|Scalar]] | |||
| [[Higgs boson]] | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" | Ghost fields | |||
| [[Faddeev–Popov ghost]]s | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | [[hypothetisch]] | |||
| rowspan="2" width="6%" | [[superpartner]]s | |||
| [[Gaugnion]]en | |||
| [[Gluino]] • [[Gravitino]] • [[fotino]] | |||
|- | |||
| Overige | |||
| [[Higgsino]] • [[Neutralino]] • [[Chargino]] • [[Axino]] • [[Sfermion]] ([[Stop quark]]) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" | Overige | |||
| [[Planckdeeltje]] • [[Axion]] • [[Dilaton]] • [[Dual graviton]] • [[Graviton]] • [[Leptoquark]] • [[Majoron]] • [[Majorana]] • [[Fermion]] • [[Magnetische monopool]] • [[Preon]] • [[Steriel neutrino]] • [[Tachyon]] • [[W′-boson|W′-]] en [[Z′-boson|Z′-boson]] • [[X-boson|X-]] en [[Y-boson|Y-boson]] | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color:#FFE1FF" rowspan="7" height="26" | composiet | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | [[hadron]]en | |||
| [[barion]]en / [[hyperon]]en | |||
| [[Nucleon]] • [[proton (deeltje)|Proton]]<ref name="anti" /> • [[Neutron]]<ref name="anti" /> • [[Delta baryon]] • [[Lambda baryon]] • [[Sigma baryon]] • [[Xi baryon]] • [[Omega baryon]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[meson]]en / [[quarkonia]] | |||
| [[Pion (natuurkunde)|Pion]] • [[Rho meson]] • [[Eta meson|Eta]] en [[eta prime meson]]en • [[Phi meson]] • [[J/psi meson]] • [[Omega meson]] • [[Upsilon meson]] • [[Kaon]] • [[B meson]] • [[D meson]] | |||
|- | |||
| Exotische hadronen | |||
| [[Tetraquark]] • [[Pentaquark]] | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" | Overige | |||
| [[Atoomkern]] • [[Atoom]] • [[Exotisch atoom]] • [[Positronium]] • [[Muonium]] • [[Tauonium]] • [[Onia]] • [[Superatoom]] • [[Molecuul]] | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | hypothetisch | |||
| hypothetische [[baryon]]en | |||
| [[Hexaquark]] • [[Skyrmion]] | |||
|- | |||
| hypothetische [[meson]]en | |||
| [[Glueball]] • [[Theta meson]] • [[T meson]] | |||
|- | |||
| Overige | |||
| [[Mesonic molecuul]] • [[Pomeron]] • [[Diquark]]s | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color:#CCFFCC" colspan="4" height="15" | quasi deeltjes | |||
| [[Davydov soliton]] • [[Dropleton]] • [[Exciton]] • Hole ("[[Elektronengat]]") • [[Magnon]] • [[Fonon]] • [[Plasmaron]] • [[Plasmon]] • [[Polariton]] • [[Polaron]] • [[roton (natuurkunde)|Roton]] • [[Trion]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
Regel 308: | Regel 366: | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783766 | |||
[[Categorie: | [[Categorie:Natuurkundelijst]] | ||
[[Categorie:Deeltjesfysica]] | [[Categorie:Deeltjesfysica]] | ||
[[Categorie:Natuurkunde]] | [[Categorie:Natuurkunde]] |
Huidige versie van 12 apr 2020 om 11:20
Deze pagina bevat een lijst van de elementaire deeltjes volgens het standaardmodel van de deeltjesfysica.
Er zijn in totaal 17 benamingen voor elementaire deeltjes, waarvan het bestaan is aangetoond. Sommige deeltjes zijn er echter in meerdere typen en sommige namen corresponderen met meer dan één deeltje.
Fermionen
Quarks zijn er in 6 'smaken' en elke smaak kent weer drie 'kleurladingen', wat resulteert in 18 unieke quarks. Leptonen zijn er in 6 smaken maar hebben geen kleurlading. Bij elkaar opgeteld zijn er dus 6 leptonen en 18 quarks, wat samen 24 fermionen oplevert.
Fermionen zijn materiedeeltjes. Elk materiedeeltje heeft een corresponderend antimateriedeeltje. Daarmee verdubbelt het aantal deeltjes van 24 naar 48.
Bosonen
Gluonen zijn er in 8 kleurcombinaties. Deze hebben (nog) geen namen en worden vooralsnog uitgeschreven als formules (zie in de tabel hieronder).
Daarnaast zijn er twee typen W-bosonen, één type Z-boson en één type foton; deze maken een totaal van 4 elektrozwakke bosonen.
Tot slot is er één enkel higgsboson.
Doordat bosonen geen materiedeeltjes zijn, hebben zij geen antideeltjes.
Samengevat
De tabel toont alle 61 bevestigde elementaire deeltjes van het standaardmodel.
48 fermionen | Legenda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 quarks | 18 antiquarks | lading -e | lading +e | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
rode upquark | rode charmquark | rode topquark | rode antiupquark | rode anticharmquark | rode antitopquark | lading -2/3e | lading +2/3e | |||||||||||||||||||||||
groene upquark | groene charmquark | groene topquark | groene antiupquark | groene anticharmquark | groene antitopquark | lading -1/3e | lading +1/3e | |||||||||||||||||||||||
blauwe upquark | blauwe charmquark | blauwe topquark | blauwe antiupquark | blauwe anticharmquark | blauwe antitopquark | kleurlading rood | kleurlading antirood | |||||||||||||||||||||||
rode downquark | rode strangequark | rode bottomquark | rode antidownquark | rode antistrangequark | rode antibottomquark | kleurlading groen | kleurlading antigroen | |||||||||||||||||||||||
groene downquark | groene strangequark | groene bottomquark | groene antidownquark | groene antistrangequark | groene antibottomquark | kleurlading blauw | kleurlading antiblauw | |||||||||||||||||||||||
blauwe downquark | blauwe strangequark | blauwe bottomquark | blauwe antidownquark | blauwe antistrangequark | blauwe antibottomquark | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 leptonen | 6 antileptonen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
elektron | muon | tau | anti-elektron (positron) | antimuon | antitau | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
elektronneutrino | muonneutrino | tau-neutrino | elektronantineutrino | muonantineutrino | tau-antineutrino | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 bosonen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 gluonen | 4 elektrozwakke bosonen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<math>\frac{(r\bar{b}+b\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> | <math>\frac{-i(r\bar{b}-b\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> | <math>\frac{(r\bar{r}-b\bar{b})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> | <math>\frac{(r\bar{r}+b\bar{b}-2g\bar{g})}{\sqrt{6}}</math> | foton | Z0-boson | W+-boson | W−-boson | |||||||||||||||||||||||
1 higgsboson | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<math>\frac{(r\bar{g}+g\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> | <math>\frac{-i(r\bar{g}-g\bar{r})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> | higgsboson | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<math>\frac{(g\bar{b}+b\bar{g})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> | <math>\frac{-i(g\bar{b}-b\bar{g})}{\sqrt{2}}</math> |
Alle deeltjes uit de deeltjesfysica
In tabelvorm
Deeltje | Massa (MeV) |
Lading (e) |
Elementair Composiet Quasideeltje |
Fermion (halftallige spin) Boson (heeltallige spin) |
Quark Baryon Meson Lepton Superpartner |
Gaugino Hadron |
Scalar Hypothetisch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upquark[1] | 2,3 | 2⁄3[2] | elementair | fermion | quark | ||
Downquark[1] | 4,8 | -1⁄3[2] | elementair | fermion | quark | ||
Charmquark[1] | 1275 | 2⁄3[2] | elementair | fermion | quark | ||
Strangequark[1] | 95 | -1⁄3[2] | elementair | fermion | quark | ||
Topquark[1] | 173 070 | 2⁄3[2] | elementair | fermion | quark | ||
Bottomquark[1] | 4180 | -1⁄3[2] | elementair | fermion | quark | ||
Elektron[3] | 0,511 | -1 | elementair | fermion | lepton | ||
Muon[1] | 105,7 | -1 | elementair | fermion | lepton | ||
Tau[1] | 1776,8 | -1 | elementair | fermion | lepton | ||
Elektronneutrino[1] | 0,12 eV | 0 | elementair | fermion | lepton | ||
Muon-neutrino[1] | <0,0025 | 0 | elementair | fermion | lepton | ||
Tau-neutrino[1] | <0,35 | 0 | elementair | fermion | lepton | ||
Sfermion (stopquark) | elementair | quark | hypothetisch | ||||
Foton | 0 | 0 | elementair | boson (ijkboson) | |||
Gluon | <1,3 meV | 0[2] | elementair | boson (ijkboson) | |||
W+-boson | 80 385 | 1 | elementair | boson (ijkboson) | |||
W−-boson | 80 385 | -1 | elementair | boson (ijkboson) | |||
Z0-boson | 91 188 | 0 | elementair | boson (ijkboson) | |||
Higgsboson | 125 090 | elementair | boson | scalar | |||
Fotino | elementair | superpartner | gaugino | hypothetisch | |||
Gluino | elementair | superpartner | gaugino | hypothetisch | |||
Gravitino | elementair | superpartner | gaugino | hypothetisch | |||
Axino | elementair | superpartner | hypothetisch | ||||
Chargino | elementair | superpartner | hypothetisch | ||||
Higgsino | elementair | superpartner | hypothetisch | ||||
Neutralino | 0 | elementair | fermion | superpartner | hypothetisch | ||
Axion | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Dilaton | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Graviton | 0 | 0 | elementair | boson (ijkboson)? | hypothetisch | ||
Leptoquark | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Magnetische monopool | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Majoranafermion | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Majoron | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Planckdeeltje | 1022 | elementair | hypothetisch | ||||
Preon | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Steriele neutrino | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
W'- en Z'-boson | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
X- en Y-boson | elementair | hypothetisch | |||||
Deltabaryon | composiet | baryon | hadron | ||||
Lambda-baryon | composiet | baryon | hadron | ||||
Proton[1] | 938,3 | 1 | composiet | fermion | baryon | hadron | |
Neutron[1] | 939,6 | 0 | composiet | fermion | baryon | hadron | |
Omega-baryon | composiet | baryon | hadron | ||||
Sigma-baryon | composiet | baryon | hadron | ||||
Xi-baryon | composiet | baryon | hadron | ||||
B-meson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
D-meson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
Kaon[1] | 498 | -1, 0, 1 | composiet | boson | meson | hadron | |
Omegameson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
Phimeson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
Rhomeson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
Thetameson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
Upsilonmeson | composiet | meson | hadron | ||||
Pentaquark | composiet | baryon (exotisch) | hadron (exotisch) | ||||
Tetraquark | composiet | meson (exotisch) | hadron (exotisch) | ||||
Eta- en prime-etameson | composiet | hadron | |||||
Exotisch atoom[4] | composiet | hadron | |||||
Pion[1] | 135-140 | -1, 0, 1 | composiet | boson | meson | hadron | |
Pomeron | composiet | hadron (exotisch) | |||||
Meconic molecuul | composiet | hadron (exotisch) | |||||
Dibaryon | composiet | baryon (exotisch) | |||||
Skyrmion | composiet | meson (exotisch) | |||||
Atoom[1] | 0 | composiet | |||||
Ion[1][5] | + of - | composiet | |||||
Atoomkern[1] | + | composiet | |||||
Diquark | composiet | ||||||
J/psi-meson | composiet | ||||||
Molecuul[1] | 0 | composiet | |||||
Superatoom | composiet | ||||||
T-meson | composiet | ||||||
Glueball | composiet | meson (exotisch) | hypothetisch | ||||
Davydov soliton | quasi | ||||||
Dropleton | quasi | ||||||
Exciton | quasi | ||||||
Hole ("Elektronengat") | 1 | quasi | |||||
Magnon | quasi | ||||||
Plasmaron | quasi | ||||||
Polariton | quasi | ||||||
Polaron | quasi | ||||||
Roton | quasi | ||||||
Trion | quasi |
Als schema
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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