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Nomina sacra: verschil tussen versies

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(11 tussenliggende versies door dezelfde gebruiker niet weergegeven)
Regel 1: Regel 1:
'''''Nomina sacra''''' (enkelvoud: '''''nomen sacrum''''') betekent „heilige namen” in het [[Latijn]]. Gewoonlijk verwijst men hiermee naar de afgekorte vorm waarmee bepaalde veel voorkomende namen en woorden in vroeg-christelijke [[Grieks|Griekse]] [[Heilige Schrift]] werden gebruikt. In [[Bruce Metzger]]s boek ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible'' worden 15 van zulke uitdrukkingen uit Griekse papyri opgesomd: de Griekse woorden voor God, Heer, Jezus, Christus, Zoon, Geest, David, ''stauros'', moeder, vader, Israël, redder, mens, Jeruzalem, en hemel. De ''nomen sacrum'' voor ''moeder'' werd niet voor de vierde eeuw gebruikt,<ref>''Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'' - Philip Comfort and David Barett (1999) pp. 34-35</ref> maar de andere ''Nomina Sacra'' worden in Griekse manuscripten uit de eerste tot derde eeuw gevonden. Door een lijn boven de letters werd aangegeven dat het hier om een afkorting ging.
[[Bestand:Nomina Sacra in P46.jpg|thumb|200px|Voorbeelden van '''Nomina Sacra:'''<br />{{overline|ΧΩ}} (ΧΡΙΣΤΩ), {{overline|ΚΥ}} (ΚΥΡΙΟΥ), {{overline|ΘΣ}} (ΘΕΟΣ),<br />in [[Tweede brief van Paulus aan de Korintiërs|2 Korinthiërs]] 11, papyrus {{PapNT|46}}.]]
'''''Nomina sacra''''' (enkelvoud: '''''nomen sacrum''''') betekent „heilige namen” in het [[Latijn]]. Dit is een reeks van afgekorte woorden die in vroeg-christelijke [[Grieks|Griekse]] [[papyrus|papyri]] van de [[Heilige Schrift]] werden gebruikt. Door een lijn boven de letters werd aangegeven dat het hier om een afkorting ging. Na verloop van tijd werden 15 van deze afkortingen gebruikelijk. In [[Bruce Metzger]]s boek ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible'' worden deze opgesomd: de Griekse woorden voor [[God]], Heer, [[Jezus Christus|Jezus]], Christus, Zoon, Geest, [[David (koning)|David]], ''[[stauros]]'' (martelpaal of ’kruis’), moeder, vader, [[Israël]], redder, mens, [[Jeruzalem]], en [[hemel]]. De ''nomen sacrum'' voor ''moeder'' werd niet voor de vierde eeuw gebruikt,<ref>{{Aut|Philip Comfort and David Barett}}, ''Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'' (1999) pp. 34-35</ref> maar andere ''nomina sacra'' worden in Griekse manuscripten uit de eerste tot derde eeuw gevonden.


Niet iedereen is het eens of de ''Nomina sacra'' slechts afkortingen zijn of inderdaad een heilige betekenis dragen.<ref>[http://www.irr.org/wit/pdfs/tetra-appenK.pdf Institute for Religious Research: The Tetragrammaton and the Christian Greek Scriptures, Appendix K: ''Nomina Sacra''] 28.1&nbsp;Kbyte</ref>
Er zijn verschillende theorieën over het ontstaan van de ''nomina sacra''.<ref>{{Aut|Larry Hurtado}}, [http://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/nomina-sacra-the-continuing-debate/ Nomina Sacra: The Continuing Debate]''</ref>


==Lijst van Griekse ''Nomina Sacra''==
==Lijst van Griekse ''Nomina Sacra''==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nederlandse woorden
! Nederlandse woorden
Regel 13: Regel 13:
| God
| God
| {{Grieks|Θεός}}
| {{Grieks|Θεός}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΘΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΘΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΘΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΘΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| HEER (heer)
| HEER (heer)
| {{Grieks|Κύριος}}
| {{Grieks|Κύριος}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΚΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΚΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΚΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΚΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| Jezus
| Jezus
| {{Grieks|Ἰησοῦς}}
| {{Grieks|Ἰησοῦς}}
| {<span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΙΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΙΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΙΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΙΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| Christus / Gezalfde
| Christus / Gezalfde
| {{Grieks|Χριστός}}
| {{Grieks|Χριστός}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΧΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΧΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΧΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΧΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| Zoon
| Zoon
| {{Grieks|Υἱός}}
| {{Grieks|Υἱός}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΥΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΥΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΥΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΥΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| Geest
| Geest
| {{Grieks|Πνεῦμα}}
| {{Grieks|Πνεῦμα}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΠΝΑ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΠΝΑ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΠΝΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΠΝΣ}}}}
|-
|-
| David
| David
| {{Grieks|Δαυὶδ}}
| {{Grieks|Δαυὶδ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΔΑΔ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΔΑΔ}}}}
|
|
|-
|-
| <font color="Gray">[Terechtstellings]</font>paal / Kruis
| <font color="Gray">[Terechtstellings]</font>paal / Kruis
| {{Grieks|Σταυρός}}
| {{Grieks|Σταυρός}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΣΤΣ}}
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΣΤΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΣΤΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΣΤΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| Moeder
| Moeder
| {{Grieks|Μήτηρ}}
| {{Grieks|Μήτηρ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΜΗΡ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΜΗΡ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΜΗΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΜΗΣ}}}}
|-
|-
| Vader
| Vader
| {{Grieks|Πατήρ}}
| {{Grieks|Πατήρ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΠΗΡ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΠΗΡ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΠΡΣ}}
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΠΡΣ}}}}
|-
|-
| Israël
| Israël
| {{Grieks|Ἰσραήλ}}
| {{Grieks|Ἰσραήλ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΙΗΛ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΙΗΛ}}}}
|
|
|-
|-
| Redder / Verlosser / Heiland
| Redder / Verlosser / Heiland
| {{Grieks|Σωτήρ}}
| {{Grieks|Σωτήρ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΣΗΡ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΣΗΡ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΣΡΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΣΡΣ}}}}
|-
|-
| Mens
| Mens
| {{Grieks|Ἄνθρωπος}}
| {{Grieks|Ἄνθρωπος}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΑΝΟΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΑΝΟΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΑΝΟΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΑΝΟΥ}}}}
|-
|-
| Jeruzalem
| Jeruzalem
| {{Grieks|Ἱερουσαλήμ}}
| {{Grieks|Ἱερουσαλήμ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΙΛΗΜ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΙΛΗΜ}}}}
|
|
|-
|-
| Hemel(en)
| Hemel(en)
| {{Grieks|Οὐρανός}}
| {{Grieks|Οὐρανός}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΟΥΝΟΣ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΟΥΝΟΣ}}}}
| <span style="text-decoration: overline">{{Grieks|ΟΥΝΟΥ}}</span>
| {{overline|{{Grieks|ΟΥΝΟΥ}}}}
|}
|}


<!---
==Manuscripten van het Nieuwe Testament die ''Nomina Sacra'' bevatten==
<table valign="center">
(Tweede tot vierde eeuw<ref>De Nomina Sacra en de data van de handschriften volgens ''Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'', Philip Comfort and David Barett (1999)</ref>)
<tr>
<td width="140px">'''English Meaning'''</td><td width="120px">'''Greek Word'''</td><td width="160px">'''Nominative (Subject)'''</td><td width="160px">'''Genitive (Possessive)'''</b></td></tr>
<tr><td>God</td><td>Θεός</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Lord</td><td>Κύριος</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Jesus</td><td>{{Polytonic|Ἰησοῦς}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Christ/Messiah</td><td>{{Polytonic|Χριστός}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Son</td><td>{{Polytonic|Υἱός}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Spirit/Ghost</td><td>{{Polytonic|Πνεῦμα}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>David</td><td>{{Polytonic|Δαυὶδ}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΑΔ</span></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Cross/Stake</td><td>Σταυρός</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Mother</td><td>Μήτηρ</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΡ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΣ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Father</td><td>Πατήρ</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Israel</td><td>{{Polytonic|Ἰσραήλ}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Savior</td><td>{{Polytonic|Σωτήρ}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΗΡ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΣ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Human being</td><td>{{Polytonic|Ἄνθρωπος}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Jerusalem</td><td>{{Polytonic|Ἱερουσαλήμ}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΛΗΜ</span></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Heaven/Heavens</td><td>{{Polytonic|Οὐρανός}}</td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΣ</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΥ</span></td></tr>
</table>
 
<!----
==New Testament Greek manuscripts containing ''Nomina Sacra'' (100 AD - 300 AD)<ref>All ''Nomina Sacra'' and ''dates of manuscripts'' taken from ''Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'' - Philip Comfort and David Barett (1999)</ref> ==


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%"
!Greek manuscript
!Grieks manuscript
!Manuscript date
!Tijdsperiode
!Nomina Sacra used
!Gebruikte Nomina Sacra
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 1|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>1</sup>]] ([[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|P. Oxy.]] 2)
|{{PapNT|1}} ([[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|P. Oxy.]] 2)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
| {{Nomen sacrum|ΙΥ}} {{Nomen sacrum|ΙΣ}} {{Nomen sacrum|ΧΥ}} {{Nomen sacrum|ΥΥ}} {{Nomen sacrum|ΚΥ}} {{Nomen sacrum|ΠΝΣ}}
| {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΥΥ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΠΝΣ}}  
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 4|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>4</sup>]] (Suppl. Gr. 1120)
|{{PapNT|4}} (Suppl. Gr. 1120)
|<center>150–225</center>
|<center>150–225</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΟΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΧΣ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΙΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 208 + 1781|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>5</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 208 + 1781)
|{{PapNT|5}} (P. Oxy. 208 + 1781)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡ}} {{overline|ΠΡΑ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 9|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>9</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 402)
|{{PapNT|9}} (P. Oxy. 402)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΧΡΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 12|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>12</sup>]] (P. Amherst. 3b)
|{{PapNT|12}} (P. Amherst. 3b)
|<center>~285</center>
|<center>~285</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 13|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>13</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 657 + PSI 1292)
|{{PapNT|13}} (P. Oxy. 657 + PSI 1292)
|<center>225–250</center>
|<center>225–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΙΝ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 15|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>15</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1008)
|{{PapNT|15}} (P. Oxy. 1008)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΜΟΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΩ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΑΝΩΝ}} {{overline|ΑΝΩ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΚΜΟΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 16|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>16</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1009)
|{{PapNT|16}} (P. Oxy. 1009)
|<center>250–300</center>
|<center>250–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΧΩ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 17|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>17</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1078)
|{{PapNT|17}} (P. Oxy. 1078)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">Θ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΩ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 18|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>18</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1079)
|{{PapNT|18}} (P. Oxy. 1079)
|<center>250–300</center>
|<center>250–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗ}} {{overline|ΧΡ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 20|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>20</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1171)
|{{PapNT|20}} (P. Oxy. 1171)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΝΣ}} {{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 22|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>22</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1228)
|{{PapNT|22}} (P. Oxy. 1228)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡΑ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 24|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>24</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1230)
|{{PapNT|24}} (P. Oxy. 1230)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 27|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>27</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1395)
|{{PapNT|27}} (P. Oxy. 1395)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΚΩ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 28|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>28</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1596)
|{{PapNT|28}} (P. Oxy. 1596)
|<center>255–300</center>
|<center>255–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΙΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 29|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>29</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1597)
|{{PapNT|29}} (P. Oxy. 1597)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 30|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>30</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1598)
|{{PapNT|30}} (P. Oxy. 1598)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΙΗΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 32|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>32</sup>]] (P. Rylands 5)
|{{PapNT|32}} (P. Rylands 5)
|<center>150–200</center>
|<center>150–200</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 35|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>35</sup>]] (PSI 1)
|{{PapNT|35}} (PSI 1)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 37|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>37</sup>]] (P. Mich. Inv. 1570)
|{{PapNT|37}} (P. Mich. Inv. 1570)
|<center>~260</center>
|<center>~260</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΕ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 38|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>38</sup>]] (P. Mich. Inv. 1571)
|{{PapNT|38}} (P. Mich. Inv. 1571)
|<center>~225</center>
|<center>~225</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΤΑ</span>
|{{overline|ΧΡΝ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΥ}} {{overline|ΠΝΤΑ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 39|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>39</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 1780)
|{{PapNT|39}} (P. Oxy. 1780)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΗΡ}} {{overline|ΠΡΑ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 40|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>40</sup>]] (P. Heidelberg G. 645)
|{{PapNT|40}} (P. Heidelberg G. 645)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΧΩ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 45|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup>]] ([[Chester Beatty Papyri|P. Chester Beatty]] I)
|{{PapNT|45}} ([[Chester Beatty Papyri|P. Chester Beatty]] I)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΝΑΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <br> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΕ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΣΡΝΑΙ}} {{overline|ΙΗ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡΑ}} {{overline|ΠΡΙ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} <br> {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΥΝ}} {{overline|ΥΕ}} {{overline|ΥΣ}} {{overline|ΥΩ}} {{overline|ΣΡΝ}} {{overline|ΧΡ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>]] (P. Chester Beatty II <br> + P. Mich. Inv. 6238)
|{{PapNT|46}} (P. Chester Beatty II <br> + P. Mich. Inv. 6238)
|<center>175–225</center>
|<center>175–225</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline"></span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΕ}} {{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΩ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|}} {{overline|ΧΡΩ}} {{overline|ΧΡΥ}} {{overline|ΧΡΝ}} {{overline|ΧΝ}} {{overline|ΧΣ}} {{overline|ΧΩ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΧΡΣ}} {{overline|ΙΗΥ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}}
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΡΕΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΡΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΡΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΡΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΡΑΙ</span>
{{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΣ}} {{overline|ΥΙΥ}} {{overline|ΥΙΝ}} {{overline|ΥΙΣ}} {{overline|ΥΝ}} {{overline|ΣΤΡΕΣ}} {{overline|ΣΤΡΝ}} {{overline|ΣΤΡΩ}} {{overline|ΣΤΡΟΣ}} {{overline|ΣΤΡΟΥ}} {{overline|ΕΣΤΡΟΝ}} {{overline|ΕΣΤΡΑΙ}}
   
   
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΑΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΤΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΙΜΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span>
{{overline|ΕΣΤΑΝ}} {{overline|ΣΤΟΥ}} {{overline|ΑΙΜΑ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΥ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΝ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΣ}} {{overline|ΑΝΩΝ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΙΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡΙ}} {{overline|ΠΗΡ}} {{overline|ΠΡΑ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 47|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>47</sup>]] (P. Chester Beatty III)
|{{PapNT|47}} (P. Chester Beatty III)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΤΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΑΘΝ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΚΕ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΕΣΤΡΩ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 48|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>48</sup>]] (PSI 1165)
|{{PapNT|48}} (PSI 1165)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΥΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 49|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup>]] (P. Yale 415 + 531)
|{{PapNT|49}} (P. Yale 415 + 531)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΩ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΩ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΠΝ}} {{overline|ΧΣ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΧΩ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 50|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>50</sup>]] (P. Yal 1543)
|{{PapNT|50}} (P. Yal 1543)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΛΗΜ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΛΗΜ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΣ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 53|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>53</sup>]] (P. Mich. inv. 6652)
|{{PapNT|53}} (P. Mich. inv. 6652)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΕΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΠΕΡ}} {{overline|ΚΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Magdalen papyrus|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>64</sup>]] (Gr. 17)
|{{PapNT|64}} (Magdalen papyrus) (Gr. 17)
|<center>~150</center>
|<center>~150</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 65|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>65</sup>]] (PSI XIV 1373)
|{{PapNT|65}} (PSI XIV 1373)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 66|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66</sup>]] ([[Bodmer Papyri|P. Bodmer]] II + <br> Inv. Nr. 4274/4298
|{{PapNT|66}} ([[Bodmer Papyri|P. Bodmer]] II + <br> Inv. Nr. 4274/4298
|<center>150–200</center>
|<center>150–200</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΕ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΙΝ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΧΣ}} {{overline|ΧΝ}} {{overline|ΧΝ}} {{overline|ΥΣ}} {{overline|ΥΝ}} {{overline|ΥΩ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΣ}} {{overline|ΠΗΡ}} {{overline|ΠΡΑ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}}
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΕΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΕΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΟΥ</span>
{{overline|ΠΡΙ}} {{overline|ΠΕΡ}} {{overline|ΠΡΕΣ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΣ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΝ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΥ}} {{overline|ΑΝΩΝ}} {{overline|ΑΝΩ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΙΣ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΥΣ}} {{overline|ΣΡΩ}} {{overline|ΣΡΟΝ}} {{overline|ΣΡΟΥ}}
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΘΗ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΑΤΕ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΣΡΩΣΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΡΑΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΕΣΡΘΗ</span>
{{overline|ΣΡΘΗ}} {{overline|ΣΡΑΤΕ}} {{overline|ΣΡΩΣΩ}} {{overline|ΕΣΡΑΝ}} {{overline|ΕΣΡΘΗ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 69|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>69</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 2383)
|{{PapNT|69}} (P. Oxy. 2383)
|<center>~200</center>
|<center>~200</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 70|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>70</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 2384 +<br> PSI Inv. CNR 419, 420)
|{{PapNT|70}} (P. Oxy. 2384 +<br> PSI Inv. CNR 419, 420)
|<center>250–300</center>
|<center>250–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span>
|{{overline|ΥΝ}} {{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΠΗΡ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 72|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>72</sup>]] (P. Bodmer VII and VIII)
|{{PapNT|72}} (P. Bodmer VII and VIII)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΑΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΤΡΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΙΗΥ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΧΡΥ}} {{overline|ΧΡΝ}} {{overline|ΧΡΣ}} {{overline|ΧΡΩ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΠΑΡ}} {{overline|ΠΤΡΑ}} {{overline|ΠΡΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΣ}}
<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΤΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΙ</span>
{{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}} {{overline|ΠΝΤΙ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΚΩ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΙ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 75|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup>]] (P. Bodmer XIV and XV)
|{{PapNT|75}} (P. Bodmer XIV and XV)
|<center>175–225</center>
|<center>175–225</center>
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 78|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>78</sup>]] (P. Oxy 2684)
|{{PapNT|78}} (P. Oxy 2684)
|<center>250–300</center>
|<center>250–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΧΡΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 90|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>90</sup>]] (P. Oxy 3523)
|{{PapNT|90}} (P. Oxy 3523)
|<center>150–200</center>
|<center>150–200</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 91|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>91</sup>]] (P. Mil. Vogl. Inv. 1224 + P. Macquarie Inv. 360)
|{{PapNT|91}} (P. Mil. Vogl. Inv. 1224 + P. Macquarie Inv. 360)
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΘΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΧΡΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 92|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>92</sup>]] (P. Narmuthis 69.39a + 69.229a)
|{{PapNT|92}} (P. Narmuthis 69.39a + 69.229a)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΧΡΩ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 100|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>100</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4449)
|{{PapNT|100}} (P. Oxy 4449)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 101|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>101</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4401)
|{{PapNT|101}} (P. Oxy 4401)
|<center>200–300</center>
|<center>200–300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span>
|{{overline|ΥΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 106|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>106</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4445)
|{{PapNT|106}} (P. Oxy 4445)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΠΝΙ}} {{overline|ΧΡΣ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 108|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>108</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4447)
|{{PapNT|108}} (P. Oxy 4447)
|<center>175–225</center>
|<center>175–225</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΝ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΙΗΝ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 110|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>110</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4494)
|{{PapNT|110}} (P. Oxy. 4494)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 111|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>111</sup>]] (P. Oxy 4495)
|{{PapNT|111}} (P. Oxy 4495)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΥ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 113|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>113</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4497)
|{{PapNT|113}} (P. Oxy. 4497)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΙ</span>
|{{overline|ΠΝΙ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 114|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>114</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4498)
|{{PapNT|114}} (P. Oxy. 4498)
|<center>200–250</center>
|<center>200–250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΘΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Papyrus 115|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>115</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4499)
|{{PapNT|115}} (P. Oxy. 4499)
|<center>225–275</center>
|<center>225–275</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΥΤΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΩΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΟΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΟΥΝΩ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΛ}} {{overline|ΑΥΤΟΥ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}} {{overline|ΑΝΩΝ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΟΥΝΟΥ}} {{overline|ΟΥΝΟΝ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΘΝ}} {{overline|ΑΝΟΥ}} {{overline|ΟΥΝΩ}}
|-  
|-  
|[[Papyrus 121|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>121</sup>]] (P. Oxy. 4805)  
|{{PapNT|121}} (P. Oxy. 4805)  
|<center>~250</center>
|<center>~250</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΙ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΜΗΙ}}
|-  
|-  
|[[Uncial 0162|0162]] (P. Oxy 847)
|[[Uncial 0162|0162]] (P. Oxy 847)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΡΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΙΗΣ}} {{overline|ΙΣ}} {{overline|ΠΡΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Uncial 0171|0171]] (PSI 2.124)
|[[Uncial 0171|0171]] (PSI 2.124)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΣ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΣ}} {{overline|ΙΗΣ}}
|-
|-
|[[Uncial 0189|0189]] (P. Berlin 11765)
|[[Uncial 0189|0189]] (P. Berlin 11765)
|<center>~200</center>
|<center>~200</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΛΗΜ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΩ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣΗΛ</span>
|{{overline|ΑΝΟΣ}} {{overline|ΠΝΑ}} {{overline|ΚΥ}} {{overline|ΚΩ}} {{overline|ΙΛΗΜ}} {{overline|ΘΩ}} {{overline|ΙΣΗΛ}}
|-
|-
|[[Uncial 0220|0220]] (MS 113)
|[[Uncial 0220|0220]] (MS 113)
|<center>~300</center>
|<center>~300</center>
|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΝ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΥ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΥ</span>
|{{overline|ΚΝ}} {{overline|ΙΥ}} {{overline|ΙΝ}} {{overline|ΧΥ}} {{overline|ΘΥ}}
|}
|}


--->
== Verwijzingen ==
== Verwijzingen ==
<references/>
<references/>


== Verder lezen ==
== Verder lezen ==
* [[Bruce M. Metzger]]. ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible'' (1981).
* {{Aut|[[Bruce M. Metzger]]}}. ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible'' (1981).
* Philip Comfort and David Barett. ''Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'' (1999).
* {{Aut|Philip Comfort and David Barett}}. ''Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'' (1999).
* A.H.R.E. Paap, ''Nomina Sacra in the Greek Papyri of the First Five Centuries'', Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava VIII (Leiden 1959).
* {{Aut|A. H. R. E. Paap}}, ''Nomina Sacra in the Greek Papyri of the First Five Centuries'', Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava VIII (Leiden 1959).
* Philip Comfort, ''Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism'', Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, pp.&nbsp;199–253.
* {{Aut|Philip Comfort}}, ''Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism'', Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, pp.&nbsp;199–253.
* [[Larry W. Hurtado]], ''The Earliest Christian Artifacts: Manuscripts and Christian Origins'', Cambridge 2006, pp.&nbsp;95–134.
* {{Aut|[[Larry W. Hurtado]]}}, ''The Earliest Christian Artifacts: Manuscripts and Christian Origins'', Cambridge 2006, pp.&nbsp;95–134.
* {{Aut|Larry Hurtado}}, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3266633 ''The Origin of the Nomina Sacra: A Proposal''], in: ''Journal of Biblical Literature'', Vol. 117, No. 4 (Winter, 1998), pp. 655-673


{{DEFAULTSORT:Nomina Sacra}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nomina Sacra}}
[[Category:afkortingen]]
[[Category:afkorting]]
[[Category:christelijk symbool]]
[[Category:christelijk symbool]]
[[Category:Latijn]]
[[Category:Latijn]]

Huidige versie van 9 dec 2017 om 09:53

Voorbeelden van Nomina Sacra:
ΧΩ (ΧΡΙΣΤΩ), ΚΥ (ΚΥΡΙΟΥ), ΘΣ (ΘΕΟΣ),
in 2 Korinthiërs 11, papyrus 𝕻46.

Nomina sacra (enkelvoud: nomen sacrum) betekent „heilige namen” in het Latijn. Dit is een reeks van afgekorte woorden die in vroeg-christelijke Griekse papyri van de Heilige Schrift werden gebruikt. Door een lijn boven de letters werd aangegeven dat het hier om een afkorting ging. Na verloop van tijd werden 15 van deze afkortingen gebruikelijk. In Bruce Metzgers boek Manuscripts of the Greek Bible worden deze opgesomd: de Griekse woorden voor God, Heer, Jezus, Christus, Zoon, Geest, David, stauros (martelpaal of ’kruis’), moeder, vader, Israël, redder, mens, Jeruzalem, en hemel. De nomen sacrum voor moeder werd niet voor de vierde eeuw gebruikt,[1] maar andere nomina sacra worden in Griekse manuscripten uit de eerste tot derde eeuw gevonden.

Er zijn verschillende theorieën over het ontstaan van de nomina sacra.[2]

Lijst van Griekse Nomina Sacra

Nederlandse woorden Grieks woord nominatief genitief
God Θεός ΘΣ ΘΥ
HEER (heer) Κύριος ΚΣ ΚΥ
Jezus Ἰησοῦς ΙΣ ΙΥ
Christus / Gezalfde Χριστός ΧΣ ΧΥ
Zoon Υἱός ΥΣ ΥΥ
Geest Πνεῦμα ΠΝΑ ΠΝΣ
David Δαυὶδ ΔΑΔ
[Terechtstellings]paal / Kruis Σταυρός ΣΤΣ ΣΤΥ
Moeder Μήτηρ ΜΗΡ ΜΗΣ
Vader Πατήρ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΣ
Israël Ἰσραήλ ΙΗΛ
Redder / Verlosser / Heiland Σωτήρ ΣΗΡ ΣΡΣ
Mens Ἄνθρωπος ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΟΥ
Jeruzalem Ἱερουσαλήμ ΙΛΗΜ
Hemel(en) Οὐρανός ΟΥΝΟΣ ΟΥΝΟΥ

Manuscripten van het Nieuwe Testament die Nomina Sacra bevatten

(Tweede tot vierde eeuw[3])

Grieks manuscript Tijdsperiode Gebruikte Nomina Sacra
𝕻1 (P. Oxy. 2)
~250
 ΙΥ ΙΣ ΧΥ ΥΥ ΚΥ ΠΝΣ
𝕻4 (Suppl. Gr. 1120)
150–225
 ΘΣ ΘΥ ΚΥ ΚΣ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΟΣ ΠΝΑ ΧΣ ΙΥ ΙΣ
𝕻5 (P. Oxy. 208 + 1781)
~250
 ΙΗΝ ΙΗΣ ΠΡ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΣ ΘΥ
𝕻9 (P. Oxy. 402)
~250
 ΘΣ ΧΡΣ
𝕻12 (P. Amherst. 3b)
~285
 ΘΣ
𝕻13 (P. Oxy. 657 + PSI 1292)
225–250
 ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΥ ΘΩ ΙΣ ΙΝ ΙΥ ΚΣ ΚΥ
𝕻15 (P. Oxy. 1008)
200–300
 ΚΩ ΚΥ ΧΥ ΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΩ ΠΝΑ ΘΝ ΚΜΟΥ
𝕻16 (P. Oxy. 1009)
250–300
 ΘΥ ΙΥ ΧΩ
𝕻17 (P. Oxy. 1078)
~300
 ΘΩ
𝕻18 (P. Oxy. 1079)
250–300
 ΙΗ ΧΡ ΘΩ
𝕻20 (P. Oxy. 1171)
200–250
 ΠΝΣ ΚΝ ΘΥ
𝕻22 (P. Oxy. 1228)
200–250
 ΠΣ ΠΝΑ ΠΡΣ ΠΡΑ ΙΗΣ ΑΝΟΣ
𝕻24 (P. Oxy. 1230)
~300
 ΠΝΑ ΘΥ
𝕻27 (P. Oxy. 1395)
200–250
 ΘΥ ΚΩ
𝕻28 (P. Oxy. 1596)
255–300
 ΙΣ ΙΝ
𝕻29 (P. Oxy. 1597)
200–250
 ΘΣ ΘΝ
𝕻30 (P. Oxy. 1598)
200–250
 ΚΥ ΚΝ ΘΩ ΙΗΥ
𝕻32 (P. Rylands 5)
150–200
 ΘΥ
𝕻35 (PSI 1)
~300
 ΚΣ ΚΥ
𝕻37 (P. Mich. Inv. 1570)
~260
 ΚΕ ΙΗΣ ΠΝΑ ΙΗΣΥ
𝕻38 (P. Mich. Inv. 1571)
~225
 ΧΡΝ ΠΝΑ ΚΥ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΥ ΠΝΤΑ
𝕻39 (P. Oxy. 1780)
200–300
 ΠΗΡ ΠΡΑ ΙΗΣ
𝕻40 (P. Heidelberg G. 645)
200–300
 ΘΣ ΘΥ ΘΝ ΙΥ ΧΩ ΧΥ
𝕻45 (P. Chester Beatty I)
~250
 ΚΕ ΚΣ ΚΝ ΚΥ ΣΡΝΑΙ ΙΗ ΙΥ ΙΗΣ ΠΡ ΠΡΣ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΙ ΘΥ
ΘΝ ΘΩ ΘΣ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΣ ΠΝΑ ΥΝ ΥΕ ΥΣ ΥΩ ΣΡΝ ΧΡ
𝕻46 (P. Chester Beatty II
+ P. Mich. Inv. 6238)
175–225
 ΚΕ ΚΝ ΚΥ ΚΩ ΚΣ ΧΡΩ ΧΡΥ ΧΡΝ ΧΝ ΧΣ ΧΩ ΧΥ ΧΡΣ ΙΗΥ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΣ ΘΩ ΘΥ ΘΝ ΘΣ

ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΣ ΥΙΥ ΥΙΝ ΥΙΣ ΥΝ ΣΤΡΕΣ ΣΤΡΝ ΣΤΡΩ ΣΤΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΟΥ ΕΣΤΡΟΝ ΕΣΤΡΑΙ

ΕΣΤΑΝ ΣΤΟΥ ΑΙΜΑ ΑΝΟΥ ΑΝΟΝ ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΟΙΣ ΠΡΙ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΣ ΙΥ

𝕻47 (P. Chester Beatty III)
200–300
 ΘΥ ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΩ ΑΘΝ ΚΣ ΚΕ ΚΥ ΕΣΤΡΩ ΠΝΑ ΧΥ ΠΡΣ
𝕻48 (PSI 1165)
200–300
 ΥΣ
𝕻49 (P. Yale 415 + 531)
200–300
 ΚΩ ΘΥ ΘΣ ΙΥ ΠΝ ΧΣ ΧΥ ΧΩ
𝕻50 (P. Yal 1543)
~300
 ΙΛΗΜ ΠΝΑ ΑΝΟΣ ΘΣ ΘΥ
𝕻53 (P. Mich. inv. 6652)
~250
 ΠΡΣ ΙΗΣ ΠΕΡ ΚΝ
𝕻64 (Magdalen papyrus) (Gr. 17)
~150
 ΙΣ
𝕻65 (PSI XIV 1373)
~250
 ΧΥ ΘΣ
𝕻66 (P. Bodmer II +
Inv. Nr. 4274/4298
150–200
 ΚΣ ΚΥ ΚΕ ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΥ ΘΩ ΙΣ ΙΝ ΙΥ ΧΣ ΧΝ ΧΝ ΥΣ ΥΝ ΥΩ ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΣ ΠΗΡ ΠΡΑ ΠΡΣ

ΠΡΙ ΠΕΡ ΠΡΕΣ ΑΝΟΣ ΑΝΟΝ ΑΝΟΥ ΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΩ ΑΝΟΙΣ ΑΝΟΥΣ ΣΡΩ ΣΡΟΝ ΣΡΟΥ ΣΡΘΗ ΣΡΑΤΕ ΣΡΩΣΩ ΕΣΡΑΝ ΕΣΡΘΗ

𝕻69 (P. Oxy. 2383)
~200
 ΙΗΝ
𝕻70 (P. Oxy. 2384 +
PSI Inv. CNR 419, 420)
250–300
 ΥΝ ΙΣ ΠΗΡ
𝕻72 (P. Bodmer VII and VIII)
200–300
 ΙΥ ΙΗΥ ΙΗΝ ΧΡΥ ΧΡΝ ΧΡΣ ΧΡΩ ΘΥ ΘΣ ΘΝ ΘΩ ΠΡΣ ΠΑΡ ΠΤΡΑ ΠΡΙ ΠΝΣ

ΠΝΑ ΠΝΑΙ ΠΝΙ ΠΝΤΙ ΚΥ ΚΣ ΚΝ ΚΩ ΑΝΟΙ

𝕻75 (P. Bodmer XIV and XV)
175–225
𝕻78 (P. Oxy 2684)
250–300
 ΚΝ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΝ ΧΡΝ
𝕻90 (P. Oxy 3523)
150–200
 ΙΗΣ
𝕻91 (P. Mil. Vogl. Inv. 1224 + P. Macquarie Inv. 360)
~250
 ΘΥ ΘΣ ΠΡΣ ΧΡΝ ΙΗΝ
𝕻92 (P. Narmuthis 69.39a + 69.229a)
~300
 ΧΡΩ ΚΥ ΘΥ
𝕻100 (P. Oxy 4449)
~300
 ΚΥ ΚΣ
𝕻101 (P. Oxy 4401)
200–300
 ΥΣ ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ
𝕻106 (P. Oxy 4445)
200–250
 ΠΝΑ ΠΝΙ ΧΡΣ ΙΗΝ ΙΗΣ
𝕻108 (P. Oxy 4447)
175–225
 ΙΗΣ ΙΗΝ
𝕻110 (P. Oxy. 4494)
~300
 ΚΣ
𝕻111 (P. Oxy 4495)
200–250
 ΙΗΥ
𝕻113 (P. Oxy. 4497)
200–250
 ΠΝΙ
𝕻114 (P. Oxy. 4498)
200–250
 ΘΣ
𝕻115 (P. Oxy. 4499)
225–275
 ΙΗΛ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΠΡΣ ΘΩ ΘΥ ΑΝΩΝ ΠΝΑ ΟΥΝΟΥ ΟΥΝΟΝ ΚΥ ΘΝ ΑΝΟΥ ΟΥΝΩ
𝕻121 (P. Oxy. 4805)
~250
 ΙΣ ΜΗΙ
0162 (P. Oxy 847)
~300
 ΙΗΣ ΙΣ ΠΡΣ
0171 (PSI 2.124)
~300
 ΚΣ ΙΗΣ
0189 (P. Berlin 11765)
~200
 ΑΝΟΣ ΠΝΑ ΚΥ ΚΩ ΙΛΗΜ ΘΩ ΙΣΗΛ
0220 (MS 113)
~300
 ΚΝ ΙΥ ΙΝ ΧΥ ΘΥ

Verwijzingen

  1. º Philip Comfort and David Barett, Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts (1999) pp. 34-35
  2. º Larry Hurtado, Nomina Sacra: The Continuing Debate
  3. º De Nomina Sacra en de data van de handschriften volgens Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts, Philip Comfort and David Barett (1999)

Verder lezen

  • Bruce M. Metzger. Manuscripts of the Greek Bible (1981).
  • Philip Comfort and David Barett. Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts (1999).
  • A. H. R. E. Paap, Nomina Sacra in the Greek Papyri of the First Five Centuries, Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava VIII (Leiden 1959).
  • Philip Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism, Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, pp. 199–253.
  • Larry W. Hurtado, The Earliest Christian Artifacts: Manuscripts and Christian Origins, Cambridge 2006, pp. 95–134.
  • Larry Hurtado, The Origin of the Nomina Sacra: A Proposal, in: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 117, No. 4 (Winter, 1998), pp. 655-673
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